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The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as Byzantium or the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople.

History[]

The Byzantine Empire was thought to have inherited the Golden Fleece, an Ancient Greek artifact believed to have "ensured victory to any empire that possessed it," from the Romans before it was lost to the expanding Ottoman Empire.[1]

During its existence, the Byzantine Empire had its conquerors expand themselves to Syria, becoming one of the many more cultures whose archaeological treasures became part of the country alongside those of the Hittites, the Assyrians, the the Babylonians, the Persians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Muslim Arabs, the Turks, the Mongols and the Mamelukes.[2]

Kazim, the Turk leader of the Brotherhood of the Cruciform Sword, was a Christian descendant of Byzantium royalty.[3]

By 1941, a small Byzantine icon had found its way into Vatican City, being examined by an elderly female supporter of Benito Mussolini while he was on a call.[4]

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